Bob Seger, James Brown, and Bruce Springsteen Common Music Elements Essays

Bob Seger, James Brown, and Bruce Springsteen Common Music Elements Essays Bob Seger, James Brown, and Bruce Springsteen Common Music Elements Paper Bob Seger, James Brown, and Bruce Springsteen Common Music Elements Paper Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Bob Seger, James Brown, and Bruce Springsteen Common Music Elements Bob Seger released several albums in his music career from 1968 through 1975. In the course of this period, Seger was considered a classic in the Midwest, Michigan, and Detroit. It was until Seger’s decision to incorporate the Silver Band as his backing group did he begin to achieve artistic and commercial success at a greater level[1]. The closest comparisons to Bob Seger and his work are probably James Brown and Bruce Springsteen. All three artists have similar gravelly voices I addition to the fact that all have featured back up bands in their respective music careers. Moreover, the bands behind the three rock artists featured similar instruments in their performances. These instruments include guitars, saxophones and keyboards[2]. Another similarity between the three rock artists revolves around their innocence and energy of early rock music at a period when other popular rock artists were becoming affected and jaded. Bob Seger is also known for his empathy and brilliant ability to jubilate crowds when performing live as is the same with James Brown and Bruce Springsteen. In addition, all three artists are motivated by real people and experiences when doing their work, in a manner stripping away romantic illusions. Other distinct details between the three artists are that Bruce Springsteen possesses a typical flair represented by extreme dramatics coming from growing up in New York[3]. On the other hand, both Seger and Brown do not necessarily display typical flairs from their respective roots[4]. Both Springsteen and Brown have a knack of displaying poetic inventive lyrics. Their works are more often perceived to sound like poetry but in a musical format. However, Seger produces music that is supposed to be sung. Take for example a line from Seger’s song â€Å"Against the Wind†, â€Å"Wish I didn’t know now what I didn’t know then,† from â€Å"Against the Wind.† However, these words are seemingly awkward as words on a page, but the line portrays this song beautifully as a heartfelt conversation. In fact, this line featured so well in the song that Seger confessed to receiving positive response from his fans. Comparing these three artists requires realization of the artistry degree for their seemingly conversational songs, much like daily lines expressed by people in their normal routines. What makes Seger, Brown, and Springsteen rich in the rock industry is the combination of deeply felt emotion and sensational honesty. Many of their best songs are retrospective, glancing at the past with a comparison of how life used to be and the way it is now. Take for example the song â€Å"Night Moves† by Bruce Springsteen. The song begins with a recollection of Bruce’s relationship adventures in his younger years. Springsteen in the song is honest about how the relationship nature of his youthful time and how it is today. As he says, â€Å"We weren’t in love, oh no, far from it. We were not searching for some pie in the sky summit. We were just young, restless and bored†¦.† Take for example another song by James Brown â€Å"Lost Someone†, where he uses lyrics sensationalizing past events. However, he is unfeeling and callous about his youthful times. As Brown recalls, â€Å"We felt the lightning, and we waited on the thunder, waited on the thunder!† At this point, Brown’s voices exhibits a rise in crescendo peaking at the mention of thunder. The music then fades and Brown goes on quietly and conversationally, â€Å"I awoke last night to the sound of thunder. How far off? I sat and wondered. Started humming a song from 1962. Ain’t it funny how the night moves†¦When you just don’t seem to have as much to lose? Ain’t it funny how the night moves†¦With autumn closing in.[5]† Another distinct detail these three artists possessed in their elements revolved around their willingness to perform their music with strong structures[6]. While other rock artist seemingly resorted to implement the use of chorus entailing word, chorus, bridge structure, Seger, Brown, and Springsteen expressed themselves in a rather dynamic way not necessarily involving this format. And for this reason, their style of music and basic structure worked well to succeed among other musical forms dominating the twentieth century, including country, folk, rhythm, and blues. Moreover, their vocals involved a rough, authoritative and expressive tone. Sometimes it was spoken rather than sung. Through this method, these artists attempted to free themselves from traditional forms of performing music. With an excellent visual image, bare words minimum and music support, all three artists perfectly captured the experiences involved when one is in their youthful stage, peering into that timeless experience between childhood and adulthood, yet now realizing that time is on the move and that stage crawls further away from their grasp[7]. Ultimately, the most distinct detail among Seger, Brown, and Springsteen is their natural way of featuring stories in their songs without giving the impression of story telling. The way they manage to convey their innermost sentiments without an apparent awareness of the audience presence, exaggeration, or embroidery. This brings about a sensation that the audience is given an opportunity to eavesdrop on a man’s innermost thoughts-that is, men in particular who have learned to become honest with themselves. In my opinion, this is a rare opportunity and one should feel privileged to grace this art in life. Bob Seger Bibliography and Discography The discography and bibliography of Bob Seger includes two live albums, seventeen studio albums, sixty-two singles, and three compilation albums. His albums have recorded sales well over fifty million copies together with four platinum, seven-multi platinum, and two gold certifications[8]. Some of his major hit songs include â€Å"The Lonely One† which he released in February 1961. Others include â€Å"Ballad of the Yellow Beret†, â€Å"Sock It to Me Santa†, and â€Å"Persecution Smith† which made their way. Other great hits done by Bob Seger include â€Å"Ramblin’ Gamblin’ Man† which is arguably his greatest song. Seger released this song in April 1969. Other subsequent his singles include â€Å"Noah† and â€Å"Mongrel† which made their way in September 1969 and August 1970 respectively[9]. In the course of the 90’ until he faded, Bob Seger managed to release some highly rated singles. 1991 saw him release â€Å" Take A Chance†, â€Å"The Real Love† and â€Å"The Fire Inside†. Through to 1998, he released other singles including â€Å"Lock and Load†, â€Å"Hands in the Air†, â€Å"Manhattan†, and â€Å"In Your Time†. The year 2006 was the last year that saw his last single production. He closed his career with â€Å"Wait for Me† and â€Å"Wreck this Heart†[10]. Bowie, Herb. Bob Serger: Career analysis. New York: PaganTuna, (2010). Print Dawidoff, Nicholas. â€Å"The Pop Populist.† The New York Times Magazine. (2006). Print. Springsteen, Bruce, and Chet Flippo. â€Å"Bruce Springsteen: A Rock ‘n Roll Evangelist for Our Times Crusades for Patriotism and Puritanism of a Different Stripe.† Musician. 1884.73 (2004). Print. [1] Bowie, 13

Middle East Colonialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Middle East Colonialism - Essay Example The other transformations entailed the erosion of the economic and political independence and spirit of nationalism had finally begun suffocating the atmosphere. The Europeans had opted to protect the non-Muslims from the heinous acts of the Muslims in the empire. The empire was gradually losing its territories as calls for nationalism were ringing around Turkey and other Arab countries. As the empire was ageing the division between the powerful and less powerful continued to widen. Meanwhile, the colonial empires were rooting themselves by dividing colonies among the European powers. Apparently the colonial powers took advantage of the falling Ottoman Rule that had had enormous influence of the regions it had Balkanized. Cole (1999) illuminated that the driving factors for the distribution of territories among these powers were economic reasons, political reasons, strategic reasons, and partly nationalism. The economic reasons encompassed the deep need for the powers to find new mar ket for their produce as well as other resources that were deemed to exist in these acquired territories.   The strategic reasons entailed the need to occupy areas that were strategically located not only for economical benefit but to gain control of numerous states.   Besides the above illuminated reasons, the western powers were also driven by their deep need to adventure. The trend of annexation of territories by several powers influenced other western nations as well. Makdisi (2006) vindicated that earlier, between 1798 and 1801.

Art integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art integration - Essay Example ’†¦..learning skills, persistence and teamwork among kids.’’ The research made findings that schools in Alameda and Los Angeles counties have huge participation in the Arts for All initiative and Alliance for Arts Learning Leadership. In Boston, the mayor’s office has supported programs such as out-of-school art programs while in the New York City and Chicago schools have a soft spot for stand-alone arts where private foundations have been critical in art growth. The research has also indicated that a community-based organization in Dallas has facilitated the integration of arts learning into elementary schools After a research had ‘’†¦..painted a worrying picture of the art†¦.’ status in Dallas, various organizations under the umbrella name â€Å"Dallas arts Partner initiated a turnaround in the art. ArtPartners was formed fundamentally to oversee the implementation of various art programs that are focused creating art programs and making them available in school. It is significant to point out that the ArtsPartners have been able to integrate creative learning in all school programs, the curriculum and neighborhood cultural centers. The effort put by the ArtsPartners has since paid dividends as many students have excelled in their learning through the arts. In this they realized the education system can only achieve its objectives conveniently when art is part and parcel of learning. In Chicago, Hubbard Street Dance is one of the most original art forces in dancing. The group is among other few groups that perform art pieces in the entire and have performed in about fifty countries. The groups comprise two dance-iconic companies that are instrumental in presenting new masterpieces and works in arts. The group has transformed the life of many ‘’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦through the use of creative energy in their education, community and youth programs.’’ On the other hand, Jammie Topper, a teaching artist, declares her huge interest in imparting art skills

Aging in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aging in America - Essay Example Guided by the welfare initiative under the Supreme Court's Olmstead Decision in 1999, and a New Freedom Initiative (NFI) in 2001, all American States are expected are modify their respective long term care (LTC) policies to provide comprehensive health care services dedicated to the needs of older Americans. This framework is expected to reform the following areas to increase well being of older Americans:Using the Systems Change Framework as a guide, this paper examines reform in the State of Oregon and how reform efforts have affected them. In Oregon, LTC services are administered on a local level, so as to increase the number of options available to seniors citizens.About 7% of Oregon's population are less than 5 years old, 25% under 18, and 13% are 65 or older. Women constitute 51% of the population. Of these, most settlers originally came from Europe. Others like Mexican Americans, Hispanics, Asians form a large part. The Asian community forms slightly less than 5% of the popula tion.Program information was obtained through interviews with people over 65 years of age, health care professionals and health service providers about each of the four component areas of the LTC Systems and Change Framework. Interviewees provided details regarding the impact of services across available services, satisfaction with services, and future plans for reforms.Unrelated to governmental policy changes though, a technical experts meeting held during April 2000 had underscored the fact that the issue of older population is currently under-addressed, is poorly understood and widely unrecognized. It said that not many organizations are taking into account the comprehensive health issues, medical systems and reimbursement, environmental issues, and education that are necessary to help older Americans live better. To utilize available funds effectively, resources must be tailored to the needs of the aged. The 25% of the population who are over age 50 today control 70% of the total net worth of U.S. households and are seasoned consumers (Dychtwald 1990). Baby Boomers, already in there 60s, are already pushing the market to produce goods and services that are relevant to their needs. They do not like to be thought of as old. Many of these goods and services will increasingly be health-related such as gyms, ski slopes, and dating services for older adults. Since they have resources to spend, the market will respond to meet their demands. To meet the needs of the elders, the government has framed Older Americans Act (OAA). The OAA aids state agencies to cover their social service needs. All people over age 60 are eligible, regardless of need or income. Further the State Units on Aging establish local Area Agencies on Aging (AAA) to develop and administer service plans within local areas. These provide referral services, case management, transportation, home services, day care, nutritional information, community meals, legal services, senior centers, employment programs, and protective services. Access is the most important concept to remember when planning services for the aged. They will try to avoid services that they perceive are inappropriate, too expensive, or

Theories of Mass Media and Its Social Impacts Essay Example for Free

Theories of Mass Media and Its Social Impacts Essay Since the invention of technologies such as the telegraph, radio and eventually television, which enabled communications â€Å"produced at a single source [to be] transmitted to an infinitely large audience† (Fearing, F. 1954), the social impacts of communications via mass media have been a subject of intense research by political and social scientists. This literature review intends to examine the major theories and perspectives on mass media with regard to its impact on society, which existed throughout the 1950’s and 70’s. Special attention will be given to the subjects of human social development, distribution of power, and human knowledge. Human social development has, without doubt, transformed since the introduction of mass media technologies. Before mass transmission capabilities were available, humans were very rarely exposed to anything other than the culture of their immediate surroundings. A widely supported view held, as to how communities learn a culture, is through a process of symbolic interaction (Blumer, H. 1969) where humans learn via the sharing of symbols. Fearing (1954) refers to this process as the sharing of â€Å"daydreams†, which are the literary or dramatic manifestations of a community’s symbols and culture. Every ‘daydream’ contains the symbols of the culture that produced it, whether it be a play or story. By passing on and sharing these ‘daydreams’, a community are able to share in the same culture, as they create familiar frameworks with which to reference their social lives. As Gerbner (1967) points out, before mass media, human interaction was almost entirely interpersonal, in relative isolation, meaning human experience and knowledge was limited to their immediate community environment, with information being passed down from person to person. The influence of the mass media begins to become apparent as Fearing (1952) points out the fact that humans, thanks to mass media, were for the first time able to broaden their sources of symbolic interaction, learning the values and symbols of a culture outside of their own localised  sphere of experience. Gerbner later echoed this sentiment when stating that since the industrial revolution, an â€Å"almost simultaneous introduction of information, ideas, images and products† on a global level has taken place. He goes on to claim that this point signalled the turning point with regard to how people became â€Å"humanised†. No longer was acculturation limited geographically. Quite quickly, due to the wide transmission of symbols, beliefs and attitudes, it became possible for regional and even national populations to share the same mental frameworks for perceiving the world around them. A feat that would have been impossible without the means of mass, simultaneous comm unication, made feasible by the mass media. Another contested subject with regards to the potential power of mass media was that that its capabilities place â€Å"a powerful instrument in the hands of a small number of persons† (Fearing, 1954). The ability now existed for a small influential group to communicate their message to a vast number of receivers. With this came the ability to set public agenda, influence social policy and affect the thoughts and behaviours of receivers (Gerbner 1967). There are many incidences for example where radio broadcasts have had a huge influence on the behaviour of its listeners, as documented extensively by Fearing (1954), who incidentally goes on to play down these successes as isolated events in which many variables came together with unintentional effectiveness. Unsurprisingly, governments developed great interest in the potential of the mass media and political scientists were responsible for many advances in the field. The propaganda campaigns propagated during the First, and especially Second World War, are undeniable examples of mass media’s potential for control over a population. However, the idea that media had a one way ‘hypodermic needle’ effect on receivers was beginning to fall from popular view, with a two way communication process being adopted instead. This two way process took into account that an audience doesn’t necessarily simply absorb the information around them, but perceive and interpret it, ultimately selecting whether it’s information they want to absorb. In contrast to the increased power of government, insights provided by Gerbner (1967) document the increased power of ordinary citizens to effectively take part in democracy, by offering and promoting alternatives to policies. The ability to publish and distribute private knowledge he says  transforms the private perspectives of few into broad public perspectives – thus creating a public, which in itself is a form of potential power if communication is maintained. We can conclude from this that mass media has enabled those who would not normally be able to do so, to voice their opinions and perspectives with a broader audience. Those who wield these mass communication capabilities certainly have far more potential power than before. With increased broadcasting of information, the manner and rate at which humans learn has also been irreversibly influenced. The relatively vast amounts of knowledge available via print and broadcast media during this time meant people were exposed to a greater amount of information. People were no longer restricted to the information and experiences of their own communities, but had access to foreign experiences and knowledge on a national and international level. In a general sense this has arguably meant that people, as a result, have become relatively more intelligent. As with most opportunities however, some people are able to take more advantage of them than others, whether it be because they are better equipped or more motivated to do so. P. J. Tichenor, G.A. Donohue and C.N. Olien’s (1970) research documented what they referred to as a â€Å"widening knowledge gap†, especially with regards to more â€Å"general appeal† knowledge areas such as public affai rs and science. Those of a higher socioeconomic status acquire information faster than lower class segments, leading to ever increasing gaps between progressive and â€Å"stagnant† groups (Tichenor, P.J, et al. 1970). Robinson (as cited in Tichenor, P.J. et al 1970) contends that those less informed will â€Å"remain so unless acted upon by an outside force, while those already informed stay in motion†. This leads to the conclusion that while the proliferation of information increases, the knowledge gap can and will only increase, unless measures are taken to effectively inform those of lower socioeconomic classes. A solution to this knowledge gap is offered by Tichenor et al. (1970) when they profess that a â€Å"knowledge gap implies a communication gap.† With the introduction of more easily accessible outlets of information this knowledge gap could potentially be decreased, despite the ever-increasing amounts of information available. Their article ends on an optimistic note as to the role television could play in the future, a  medium much easily accessible to lower socioeconomic classes. Reference List Blumer, Herbert (1969). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Berkeley: University of California Press. Fearing F. (1954). Social impact of the mass media of communications, in, N.B. Henry (Ed.) Mass media and education: The fifty-third yearbook of the national society for the study of education part II, Chicago, University of Chicago. Gerbner, G. (1967). Mass media and human communication theory, in, F.E. X. Dance (Ed.) Human communication theory: Original essays, (pp.40-60.) New York, Holt, Rinehart, Winston. Tichenor, P.J., Donohue, G.A. Olien, C.N. (1970). Mass media flow and differential growth in knowledge, Public Opinion Quarterly, 34, 159-170.

Understanding The Theory Of Translation Cultural Studies Essay

Understanding The Theory Of Translation Cultural Studies Essay Theory of translation is a concept that exists in every section of mankind because of diversity and differences that results from variance in cultural values, religious beliefs language, practices and other fundamentals that defines a specific community or a group of people in relationship with the other. Translation is communication of meaning from one source language to another equivalent target language with the basis of retaining its original meaning and context (Nida, Taber, 2003). Theory of translation is a very critical discourse in any society since time immemorial. The process of translation is crucial for a various purposes, including literature studies, traveling and law enforcements, quality translation services are also important o the business industry. With the advancing technology that makes it easy to communicate and work with people from all over the globe and a growing worldwide consciousness, more and more business organizations are going global. According to Venuti (2004), translation is derived from the Latin trans-and fero which means to carry across and it reaches back to the ancient Greeks after the appearance of written literature (Venuti, 2004). In the west the hallmark of translation began in the 3rd and 1st century when Septuagint, which is a collection of Jewish scriptures were translated into koine Greek in Alexandria and it arose because of the dispersed Jews who had forgotten the tenets of their ancestral language and they preferred the Greek version (translation) of their scripture. This scenario greatly concretes the significance and contribution of translation and the framework of theory of translation. In Asia translation has been a very paramount activity in the spreading of Buddhism which have had a great impact on communities in terms of religious beliefs and cultural practices. Arabs is also another section of mankind that has reinforced the concept of theory of translation which they undertook when they conquered the Greek world and made Arabic versions of their philosophical and scientific work. The advent of industrial revolution that began in the mid 18th century necessitated the essence of business documentation and it resulted in the development of specialties and formalized schools and professional associations for translation. Engineers in the 1940s sought to automate translation by mechanically coming up with human translator (Venuti, 2004). Theory of translation is comprised of various dimensions for instance literary, religious historic among others; literary translation is the translation of common literary works like short stories, plays, poems and others. In the r eligious perspective, the bible was translated to Latin by Saint Jerome who is regarded as the greatest translator in history and this initiative is highly of Christianity. The protestant reformation saw translation of the bible into European local languages, which resulted in a greatest impact on the western Christianity and beliefs because it culminated to the split of into Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. From the historical arguments above its premise the inference that theory of translation exists and it plays a key role in the frameworks of relationships between communities, countries, races, creed and this will enable them to understand and appreciate each other for the development of mankind. It is a basic reality and common sense to everyone that we were born and accustomed into radically different social systems and cultures comprising of different and distinct languages. This diversity calls for a bridge that can connect us into one setup that understands and embraces each other. This phenomenon has triggered scholars and other Linguistic researchers to argue that theory of translation is a paramount element in the Earth whereby the inhabitants emanates from radically diverse backgrounds. The relevance of translation is multifaceted and multidimensional and its significance in the international perspective of being a socio-cultural bridge between countries and communities have grown exponentially especially in the contemporary world whereby the world has become a global village and things are fast moving ahead globally not only societies are supposed to interact with each other more closely but individuals also need to contact with members from other societies in different parts of the world. Theory of translation and its significance caters to the needs and therefore, it has become a facility that satisfies individual, societal, and national needs. In theory and practice of translation, there are considerable variations in the types of translations produced by translators. Some translators deal with only two languages and are competent in both. Others work from their first language to their second language targeted language, and still others from their second language to their first language called back- translation. Depending on these matters of language proficiency, the procedures used will vary from one project to the other. Many scholars and literary giants have argued that the theory plays an important role in enriching the target language that a translator wish to translate from source language. This is because in some instances, the target language lacks terms that are found in source language hence resulting in borrowing of terms (Nida, Taber, 2003). This phenom enon has enriched many languages in the world which is a very positive discourse in the lingual aspects. Another point that depicts and justifies the existence of theory of translation is the dynamism in the global business environment. This is because, in order to share information with your potential clients and prospects, it is good to inform them using anecdotes and terminologies that they understand and accustomed to because they will feel secure and familiar which, in the long run will results in good business relationships (Nida, Taber, 2003). It is an initiative that most multinational companies have embraced when venturing into foreign markets. Through the auspices of translation, that global interaction has been enhanced and it has offered opportunities for people to undergo socio-cultural survey of various languages and literature. it has also given opportunity for the establishment of some kind of relevance in the literary criticism which is a very critical intellectual venture. In schools and colleges there has been an embracement of dramas and music festivals that are act ivities that portrays and expose other communities cultures, traditions and languages, which involves translation and other devices that carry across information. These arts and activities create peeping into diversified lingual, cultural and literary contents of the source culture or language exuding the nature and niceties of that translated language culture. According to Robinson (2003), information on the new development in communication and technology involves the structures of translation in keeping the science community and population abreast on the latest discoveries in various fields of knowledge (Robinson, 2003). Under theory of translation, the translator plays a pivotal role in executing and structuring of the theory. Theorists have posited that there are some fundamental attributes that a translator should posses so that the theory of translation remains relevant in the contemporary world. The translator must be having adequate knowledge of the source culture or language that he or she intends to translate; he or she must be having a profound understanding of the etymological and idiomatic correlation between the two languages or cultures that he or she is dealing with (Robinson, 2003). In the framework of this theory, the systems and individuals of translating must be able to read, understand and retain the authors ideas and d eliver accurately, fully and without exclusion, an ideal translation is accurate as terms of meaning and natural as to the receptor language forms are used. An intended audience who is unfamiliar with the source text will readily understand it. The success of a translation is measured by certain parameters in determining how closely it measures up to these ideals. The ideal translation should be: Accurate: reproducing as exactly as possible the meaning of the source text. Natural: natural forms of the receptor language must be used in a way that is appropriate to the kind of text being translated. Communicative: all aspects of the meaning must be expressed in a way that is readily understandable to the targeted audience. Though the theory of translation in a very critical aspect in current human spheres there are some shortcomings that results from it in that during the process of translation there are some details that might get distorted and limit the transference of facts

The Assassination of John F. Kennedy Essay -- Lee Harvey Oswald, JFK

In Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963, America’s beloved President, John F. Kennedy, was shot and killed in Dealey Plaza. This event was the September 11 terrorist attacks of the time. The nation was in absolute mourning. Soon after the calamity, many began to speculate whether there was only a lone assassin involved. Now, five decades late, the debate over who pulled the trigger or influenced the murder, is still a controversy. On the day of the assassination, President Kennedy was riding in his motorcade around Dallas. By this point, Kennedy and his colleagues were preparing for the next presidential election in 1964. Sitting in the back of the presidential limousine with his wife Jacqueline, the President casually smiled and waved to citizens crowding to see him. Then, suddenly a metallic bang rang through the air and screams reverberated through the plaza. Bullets hit the President in the neck and head, and his body collapsed towards his horrified wife. The governor of Texas, who was also in the vehicle, was hit in the chest. The President was rushed to Parkland Hospital quickly after the initial shots at 12:30 P.M. on that November afternoon. Tragically, only half an hour later, President John F. Kennedy’s heart activity halted, and he was pronounced dead. Now, the question was: who killed the President? Who could have been so horrible to assassinate the President? This man was Lee Harvey Oswald, an ex-Marine who had defected to the Soviet Union. Many speculate that Oswald was not the only shooter located in Dealey Plaza during the shooting. Oswald was found and arrested from the murder of Officer J.D. Tippit of the Dallas police force, and his earlier assassination of the President. The multiple sho... ...n explored at Duquesne University.† Pittsburgh Tribune Review (PA). 18 Oct 2013: Newspaper Source. Web. 13 Nov 2014. Goldman, Russel. â€Å"The Top 5 John F. Kennedy Assassination Conspiracy Theories.† ABC News. ABC News Network, 11 Nov. 2013. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. Kiger, Patrick J. â€Å"Was Kennedy Tied to the Mob?† National Geographic Channel. National Geographic Society, n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. McAuliffe, Carolyn. The Assassination of John F Kennedy. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. â€Å"November 22, 1963: Death of the President.† John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. Web. 03 Dec. 2014. Patterson, Thom, Ed Lavandera, and Jason Morris. â€Å"One JFK Conspiracy Theory That Could Be True.† CNN. Cable News Network, 18 Nov. 2013. Web. 07 Dec. 2014. Rubinstein, William. â€Å"Oswald Shoots JFK.† History Today 49.10 (1999): 15. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 13 Nov 2014.